Process management Device management Memory management Interrupt handling I/O communication File system management To handle the communication between software and hardware Kernel’s services can be invoked through system calls. A layer of software called shell wraps around the Kernel.

In Microkernels, parts which really require to be in a privileged mode are in kernel space: Inter-Process Communication, Basic scheduling Basic memory handling Basic I/O primitives

Monolithic kernel is the architecture in which every part which is to be accessed by most programs which cannot be put in a library is in the kernel space: Device drivers Scheduler Memory handling File systems Network stacks

Mainly there are two types of kernel: Monolithic Kernel Microlithic Kernel

Explanation of the meaning of Kernel: Kernel is the core module of an operating system, which is always running. It is loaded first on booting of the system and retain in main memory of the computer system. It provides all essential operations /services those are needed by applications. Kernel takes the responsibility of managing the resources, i.e. memory, task, disk …

A connection used to transfer data between separate processes to incorporate Inter Process Communication, usually on separate computers and are special files placed in the /dev directory; It is a pipe that an application opens by name in order to write data into or read data from the pipe. A named pipe is an extension of the concept ‘pipe’ in …